YUNOVA · English Grammar
Module 11: Advanced structures
Passive voice in all tenses
Key points
- The passive is a form of be plus the past participle.
- The tense is shown by be: is made, was made, has been made, will be made.
- Use the passive when the action matters more than who did it.
Modals of deduction: must have, might have
Key points
- Must have + past participle shows strong certainty about the past.
- Might have or could have shows a past possibility.
- Can't have shows you are sure something did not happen.
Inversion for emphasis
Key points
- After negative adverbs like never or rarely at the start, the auxiliary comes before the subject.
- Example: Never have I seen such a crowd.
- Inversion sounds formal and is used mostly in writing and speeches.
Causative have and get
Key points
- Have something done means arranging for someone else to do it.
- Get something done means the same and is a little more informal.
- Have someone do and get someone to do name the person doing the job.