YUNOVA · Urdu
Module 10: Advanced Urdu grammar
Compound verbs in Urdu
Key points
- A compound verb joins a main verb with a helper verb such as jana, lena or dena.
- The helper adds meaning, such as completion: kha liya (ate up).
- Choosing the right helper makes speech sound natural.
Passive voice in Urdu
Key points
- The passive uses the past participle with jana: likha gaya (was written).
- The doer, if named, is marked with se or ke zariye.
- The passive is common in formal writing and news.
Conditional sentences in Urdu
Key points
- Conditionals use agar (if) and to (then).
- Agar barish hui, to hum ghar par rahenge means If it rains, we will stay home.
- Unreal conditions use the habitual form: agar main jaanta, to batata.
Persian plurals in Urdu
Key points
- Some Urdu nouns keep Persian plural endings such as -aat and -aan.
- Examples: khayal becomes khayalaat, and buzurg becomes buzurgaan.
- These plurals appear mostly in formal and literary Urdu.